Crossing dozens of check posts, relaying messages: Inside India’s evacuation plan in Kabul
As a convoy of 14 vehicles made its way from the Indian embassy in Shar-e-Naw area of Kabul to Hamid Karzai international airport, messages were relayed every minute to senior officials in New Delhi anxiously awaiting updates on the night-time journey by Indian diplomats and citizens through Taliban-controlled districts.
The distance between the mission and the airport can usually be covered in about 20 minutes but the convoy with some 150 Indians, escorted by local Afghans known to the embassy staff, took nearly an hour to complete the journey on Monday night because of more than a dozen check posts set up by the Taliban.
While the Afghans occupied the lead and last vehicles in the convoy, personnel from the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) were present in all the bulletproof cars carrying diplomats and other staff from the mission and a small number of Indian nationals. The threat perception for the convoy was high, especially following reports that “rogue elements” and Pakistani terrorists from groups such as the Lashkar-e-Taiba and the Haqqani Network were present alongside the Taliban in Kabul.
As the convoy travelled from Kabul’s “green zone”, the fortified diplomatic quarter with concrete blast walls and checkpoints that till recently housed many foreign missions, and passed key landmarks, messages were relayed to officials at the cabinet secretariat and external affairs ministry who were monitoring the evacuation of the ambassador and other diplomatic staff.
Adding to the concerns were reports that the Taliban, who had assumed control of the Afghan capital on Sunday after the collapse of the Ashraf Ghani government, had imposed a night curfew in Kabul. Despite these reports, the decision was made to drive to the airport at night because traffic would be thin and it would be easier for the convoy to move relatively faster.
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The convoy was stopped at a few Taliban check posts, where the local Afghans took care of formalities, and then made its way to the airport. It was only when all the vehicles were safely inside the military side of the airport, under the control of US troops, that officials overseeing the operation in Kabul and New Delhi heaved a sigh of relief.
Any Indian nationals who made their way to the embassy were included in the convoy.
Ambassador Rudrendra Tandon, speaking to reporters after his return, said, “There are a lot of Indian citizens who found themselves in distress because of the fast-changing situation. So, our policy was that anyone who reached the embassy was taken into the embassy. I don’t know how they managed inside the embassy but we were sure that they were safe and secure and there was an avenue for an exit.”
The Indian mission in Kabul had 192 personnel, and everyone was evacuated “literally within three days”, Tandon added.
India began planning for the possible withdrawal of its staff more than six months ago after the Taliban launched a major offensive in Afghanistan’s rural areas. Elaborate plans were put in place for all contingencies, with instructions from the top leadership in New Delhi that the security of all Indian personnel was paramount. These plans included “red lines” that would trigger the evacuation of personnel from the embassy and two functional consulates in Kandahar and Mazar-e-Sharif, people familiar with developments said on condition of anonymity.
“The red lines included, for example, the capture of key districts near a consulate. The Taliban activity at Spin Boldak was a red line for the Kandahar consulate. The fall of Sheberghan was a red line for Mazar-e-Sharif. We made a call at the right time, and got out at the right time,” said a person.
Once the Taliban entered Kabul on Sunday and the security situation became complicated, the decision was made to withdraw the diplomatic staff. However, the move was surrounded in secrecy even as the Indian side coordinated with the US and Afghan partners.
One group of about 45 diplomats and security personnel were brought back in a C-17 Globemaster heavy lift aircraft that took off from Hindon airbase late on August 15 and flew back from Kabul the following day. The remaining diplomats and security personnel and some Indian nationals returned on Tuesday in another C-17.
The C-17s flew over the Arabian Sea and Iranian airspace to avoid flying over Pakistan. Given the lack of space and chaos at Kabul airport, the C-17s halted at Dushanbe in Tajikistan till it was time for them to hop over to the Afghan capital to pick up their passengers.
“The return flight to India was the easy part. The tougher job was getting from the embassy to the airport,” said the person cited above.
Without giving details of the evacuation, external affairs minister S Jaishankar tweeted: “Movement of the Indian Ambassador and the Embassy staff from Kabul to India was a difficult and complicated exercise. Thank all those whose cooperation and facilitation made it possible.”
